هناك العديد من الاختلافات بين هذه الدراسة ، التي تطالب بأن العلم في العصور القديمة. تدرج فروق في مجال الأهداف ، الأماكن ، وطالب الخلفية.
في العصور القديمة ، لا يمكن مطالبة بأن العلم أن يقوم به الأطفال الذين لديهم خلفية غنية. فقط للأطفال الأغنياء الذين يستطيعون التعلم في المدرسة. لا يمكن إلا أن يدرس سابقا في المدرسة أن يقوم به أبناء الأغنياء. وهذا بسبب التكاليف اللازمة لتعلم في المدرسة مكلفة جدا ، ويمكن الوصول إليها فقط من قبل الأغنياء. تكلفة باهظة الثمن لأن عدد من المدارس صغيرة.
والسبب الثاني هو عدد قليل جدا من المدارس. للتعلم ، والسفر الطلاب عادة لعدة أيام وحتى شهور. في بعض الأحيان ، والطلاب لم تصل بعد إلى هدف للدراسة ، فإن العديد من الطلاب بالملل والعودة الى الوطن ، لأنه متعب جدا من الرحلة طويلة جدا.
طالب القديمة ، ودراسة لاكتساب المعرفة. لا تركز اهتمامها على الدرجات وانه يريد فقط أن تحصل على الكثير من العلوم في الحياة. في وقت لاحق ثم يدرس والاستفادة من معرفته لخليفته.
أما اليوم ، يمكن أن يطالب بأن العلم ينبغي القيام به لأحد. الغنية ، العجوز المسكين ، يستطيع الشباب الذهاب إلى المدرسة. وذلك لأن العديد من المدارس في أعقاب. لا حاجة لجعل الرحلة الطويلة لدراسة الهندسة. لا حاجة لقضاء الوقت والمال. حتى اليوم ، يمكن القيام به في هذه الدراسة في كل البداية . مع مساعدة من شبكة الإنترنت. يمكن للأطفال تعلم اليوم بينما كان يجلس مسترخيا في غرفته.
وعلاوة على ذلك ، في الأزمنة المعاصرة ، ودراسة ليس فقط لاكتساب المعرفة ، ولكن السعي لتحقيق قيمة جيدة للدبلوم. لأن مع دبلوم جيدة. ويمكن الحصول على وظيفة بسهولة. ليس فقط على طلابهم. في المعلم مختلفة. سابقا مدرسا لتعليم لمجرد الحصول على مكافأة من الله سبحانه وتعالى. ولكن هذه المرة ، ويدرس المعلمون للحصول على الكثير من المال. للحصول على راتب يكفي لتكلفة حياته وعائلته.
وبالإضافة إلى ذلك، وسائل الإعلام المستخدمة هي أيضا مختلفة. تقتصر سابقا على وسائل الإعلام المكتوبة أن يكتبوا على ورقة أو أوراق. ولكن يمكن أن يكون هذا الوقت مع أجهزة الكمبيوتر المحمولة وأجهزة الكمبيوتر. المصدر الوحيد للمعرفة سابقا من الكتب والمعلمين. ولكن لا يمكن الآن استخدام الإنترنت. أيضا، في هذا الوقت للتعبير عن تلك المعرفة، يمكن أن تكون متنوعة من وسائل الاعلام، ليس فقط مع وسائل الاعلام ثنائي الأبعاد، ولكن أيضا مع وسائل الاعلام ثلاثي الأبعاد، وحتى أربع
البعد.
في الماضي، وهو ما يفسر مجرد معلم، ولكن هذه المرة، ويمكن للطلاب تعليم بعضهم البعض، والتعلم من بعضها البعض. ليس المعلمين فقط والذين يتحدثون أمام الصف ولكن أيضا تلاميذه. وبالإضافة إلى ذلك، استخدام الأسلوب الآن مختلطة. ويتم أيضا التعلم مع وسيلة ممتعة. بهذه الطريقة، لا بالملل الطلاب.
في العصور القديمة ، والمعلمون هم أكثر تعاليمه وشدد على الدرس الأخلاقي ، والأخلاق ، وأكثر من توجه في الدين. أما الآن ، ويمكن للمدرسين فقط تعليم العلوم في العالم. وتمنح العلم والاخلاق نادرا للطلاب ، بحيث يتمكن الطلاب في هذا الوقت ، تميل إلى أن تكون الأخلاق السيئة.
Rabu, 27 April 2011
Senin, 04 April 2011
the most beauty beach in Banyuwangi, taking a rest well in the beach
Plengkung is known as one of the best surfing beaches in the world. The word of “G” in “G-Land” derives from Grajagan, the name of the bay where the huge waves were found at the south of the Banyuwangi. It is surrounded by virgin tropical land forest. G lad offers the worlds most demanding surfing sport, and recommended for professional surfers only. May to October is the best time for surfing. No doubt it is a world of surfer paradise. Most surfers start from Bali, take an overland to Banyuwangi and directly to National Park of Alas Purwo, G-Land or cross the Grajagan Bay to Plengkung beach where the waves challenge invite the surfers. However it is not recommended for novices
Accomodation
There are some simple cottages and a jungle camp available by the beach.
Recreational facilities
Plengkung is located on the south coast of Banyuwngi the eastest of Fast Java. The visitor can visit Plengkung overland. To reach Plengkung can be taken in two ways:
There are some simple cottages and a jungle camp available by the beach.
Recreational facilities
Plengkung is located on the south coast of Banyuwngi the eastest of Fast Java. The visitor can visit Plengkung overland. To reach Plengkung can be taken in two ways:
* Overland. Banyuwangi-Kalipahit (59km)by bus Kalipahit Pasaranyar (3km) by ojek or rent a car, Pasaranyar-Trianggulasi (12km), Trianggulasi-Pancur-Plengkung/G-Land.
* Overland-sea : Banyuwangi-Benculuk (35km) by bus, Benculuk Grajagan (18km) by bus or public transportation, Grajagan-Plengkung by speedboat,
Both ways toPlengkung are OK, if the visitors choose the second way, they can spend the night at Grajagan and enjoy the view before continue the journey to Plengkung.
* Overland-sea : Banyuwangi-Benculuk (35km) by bus, Benculuk Grajagan (18km) by bus or public transportation, Grajagan-Plengkung by speedboat,
Both ways toPlengkung are OK, if the visitors choose the second way, they can spend the night at Grajagan and enjoy the view before continue the journey to Plengkung.
Minggu, 03 April 2011
Symbian Operating System
Symbian is an open source operating system (OS) and software platform designed for smartphones and currently maintained by Nokia. The Symbian platform is the successor to Symbian OS and Nokia Series 60; unlike Symbian OS, which needed an additional user interface system, Symbian includes a user interface component based on S60 5th Edition. The latest version, Symbian^3, was officially released in Q4 2010, first used in the Nokia N8.
Symbian OS was originally developed by Symbian Ltd.[3] It is a descendant of Psion's EPOC and runs exclusively on ARM processors, although an unreleased x86 port existed.
Devices based on Symbian accounted for 43.5% of worldwide smartphone sales in 2010 Q2.[4] Some estimates indicate that the cumulative number of mobile devices shipped with the Symbian OS up to the end of Q2 2010 is 385 million.[5]
The Symbian platform was created by merging and integrating software assets contributed by Nokia, NTT DoCoMo, Sony Ericsson and Symbian Ltd., including Symbian OS assets at its core, the S60 platform, and parts of the UIQ and MOAP(S) user interfaces.
In December 2008, Nokia bought Symbian Ltd., the company behind Symbian OS; as a result, Nokia has become the major contributor to Symbian's code, as it now had the development resources for both the Symbian OS core and the user interface. Since then, Nokia has been maintaining their own code repository for the platform development, regularly releasing their development to the public repository.[6] File Symbian was intended to be developed by a community led by the Symbian Foundation,[7] which was first announced in June 2008 and which officially launched in April 2009. Its objective was to publish the source code for the entire Symbian platform under the OSI- and FSF-approved Eclipse Public License (EPL). The code was published under EPL on 4 February 2010; Symbian Foundation reported this event to be the largest codebase transitioned to Open Source in history.[8][9]
However, some important components within Symbian OS were licensed from third parties, which prevented the foundation from publishing the full source under EPL immediately; instead much of the source was published under a more restrictive Symbian Foundation License (SFL) and access to the full source code was limited to member companies only, although membership was open to any organisation.[10]
In November 2010, the Symbian Foundation announced that due to a lack of support from funding members, it would transition to a licensing-only organisation; Nokia announced that it will take over the stewardship of the Symbian platform. Symbian Foundation will remain as the trademark holder and licensing entity and will only have non-executive directors involved.
On February 11, 2011, Nokia announced a partnership with Microsoft that would see it adopt Windows Phone 7 for smartphones, reducing the number of devices running Symbian over the coming two years.[11]
Symbian^1, as the first release, forms the basis for the platform. It incorporates Symbian OS and S60 5th Edition (which is built on Symbian OS 9.4) and thus it was not made available as open source.[12]
Symbian^2 was the first royalty-free version of Symbian.[13] While portions of Symbian^2 are EPL licensed, most of the source code is under the proprietary SFL license and available only to members of the Symbian Foundation. On June 1, 2010, a number of Japanese companies including DoCoMo and Sharp announced smartphones using Symbian^2.[14]
Symbian^3 was announced on 15 February 2010.[15] It was designed to be a more ‘next generation’ smartphone platform. The Symbian^3 release introduced new features such as a new 2D and 3D graphics architecture, UI improvements, and support for external displays via HDMI.[16][17] It has single tap menus and up to three customizable homescreens. The Symbian^3 SDK (Software Development Kit) was released September 2010.[18]
Four phones with the open source Symbian^3 have been released, the Nokia N8, Nokia C6-01, Nokia E7-00 and Nokia C7-00.[19]
Symbian^4 was expected to be released in the first half of 2011. However, Nokia announced in October 2010 that Symbian^4 will not ship as a separate release. Instead, improvements to Symbian will be delivered as software updates to all current Symbian^3 devices.[20]
Symbian^3 includes the Qt framework, which is now the recommended user interface toolkit for new applications. Qt can also be installed on older Symbian devices.
Symbian^4 was planned to introduce a new GUI library framework specifically designed for a touch-based interface, known as "UI Extensions for Mobile" or UIEMO (internal project name "Orbit"), which was built on top of Qt; a preview was released in January 2010, however in October 2010 Nokia announced that Orbit/UIEMO has been cancelled.
Nokia currently recommends that developers use Qt Quick with QML, the new high-level GUI and scripting framework for creating visually rich touchscreen interfaces that allows development for both Symbian and MeeGo; it will be delivered to existing Symbian^3 devices as a Qt update. As more applications will gradually feature a user interface reworked in Qt, the legacy S60 framework (AVKON) will be deprecated and no longer included with new devices at some point, thus breaking binary compatibility with older S60 applications.[20][21]
Nokia plans to introduce a new Qt-based browser as a free update for Symbian^3 devices.
Alternative application development can be done with using Python (see Python for S60), Adobe Flash or Java ME.
Symbian OS previously used a Symbian specific C++ version along with Carbide.c++ integrated development environment (IDE) as the native application development environment.
Web Runtime (WRT) is a portable application framework that allows creating widgets on the S60 Platform; it is an extension to the S60 WebKit based browser that allows launching multiple browser instances as separate JavaScript applications.[25][26]
Every package is allocated to exactly one technology domain, based on the general functional area to which the package contributes and by which it may be influenced. By grouping related packages by themes, the Symbian Foundation hopes to encourage a strong community to form around them and to generate discussion and review.
The Symbian System Model[29] illustrates the scope of each of the technology domains across the platform packages.
Packages are owned and maintained by a package owner, a named individual from an organization member of the Symbian Foundation, who accepts code contributions from the wider Symbian community and is responsible for package.
Symbian OS was created with three systems design principles in mind:
Later OS iterations diluted this approach in response to market demands, notably with the introduction of a real-time kernel and a platform security model in versions 8 and 9.
There is a strong emphasis on conserving resources which is exemplified by Symbian-specific programming idioms like descriptors and a cleanup stack. Similar methods exist to conserve disk space, though disks on Symbian devices are usually flash memory. Further, all Symbian programming is event-based, and the central processing unit (CPU) is switched into a low power mode when applications are not directly dealing with an event. This is done via a programming idiom called active objects. Similarly the Symbian approach to threads and processes is driven by reducing overheads.
Symbian has a microkernel architecture, which means that the minimum necessary is within the kernel to maximise robustness, availability and responsiveness. It contains a scheduler, memory management and device drivers, but other services like networking, telephony and filesystem support are placed in the OS Services Layer or the Base Services Layer. The inclusion of device drivers means the kernel is not a true microkernel. The EKA2 real-time kernel, which has been termed a nanokernel, contains only the most basic primitives and requires an extended kernel to implement any other abstractions.
Symbian is designed to emphasise compatibility with other devices, especially removable media file systems. Early development of EPOC led to adopting FAT as the internal file system, and this remains, but an object-oriented persistence model was placed over the underlying FAT to provide a POSIX-style interface and a streaming model. The internal data formats rely on using the same APIs that create the data to run all file manipulations. This has resulted in data-dependence and associated difficulties with changes and data migration.
There is a large networking and communication subsystem, which has three main servers called: ETEL (EPOC telephony), ESOCK (EPOC sockets) and C32 (responsible for serial communication). Each of these has a plug-in scheme. For example, ESOCK allows different ".PRT" protocol modules to implement various networking protocol schemes. The subsystem also contains code that supports short-range communication links, such as Bluetooth, IrDA and USB.
There is also a large volume of user interface (UI) Code. Only the base classes and substructure were contained in Symbian OS, while most of the actual user interfaces were maintained by third parties. This is no longer the case. The three major UIs — S60, UIQ and MOAP — were contributed to Symbian in 2009. Symbian also contains graphics, text layout and font rendering libraries.
All native Symbian C++ applications are built up from three framework classes defined by the application architecture: an application class, a document class and an application user interface class. These classes create the fundamental application behaviour. The remaining needed functions, the application view, data model and data interface, are created independently and interact solely through their APIs with the other classes.
Many other things do not yet fit into this model — for example, SyncML, Java ME providing another set of APIs on top of most of the OS and multimedia. Many of these are frameworks, and vendors are expected to supply plug-ins to these frameworks from third parties (for example, Helix Player for multimedia codecs). This has the advantage that the APIs to such areas of functionality are the same on many phone models, and that vendors get a lot of flexibility. But it means that phone vendors needed to do a great deal of integration work to make a Symbian OS phone.
Symbian includes a reference user-interface called "TechView." It provides a basis for starting customisation and is the environment in which much Symbian test and example code runs. It is very similar to the user interface from the Psion Series 5 personal organiser and is not used for any production phone user interface.
From
www.wikipedia.org
Symbian OS was originally developed by Symbian Ltd.[3] It is a descendant of Psion's EPOC and runs exclusively on ARM processors, although an unreleased x86 port existed.
Devices based on Symbian accounted for 43.5% of worldwide smartphone sales in 2010 Q2.[4] Some estimates indicate that the cumulative number of mobile devices shipped with the Symbian OS up to the end of Q2 2010 is 385 million.[5]
The Symbian platform was created by merging and integrating software assets contributed by Nokia, NTT DoCoMo, Sony Ericsson and Symbian Ltd., including Symbian OS assets at its core, the S60 platform, and parts of the UIQ and MOAP(S) user interfaces.
In December 2008, Nokia bought Symbian Ltd., the company behind Symbian OS; as a result, Nokia has become the major contributor to Symbian's code, as it now had the development resources for both the Symbian OS core and the user interface. Since then, Nokia has been maintaining their own code repository for the platform development, regularly releasing their development to the public repository.[6] File Symbian was intended to be developed by a community led by the Symbian Foundation,[7] which was first announced in June 2008 and which officially launched in April 2009. Its objective was to publish the source code for the entire Symbian platform under the OSI- and FSF-approved Eclipse Public License (EPL). The code was published under EPL on 4 February 2010; Symbian Foundation reported this event to be the largest codebase transitioned to Open Source in history.[8][9]
However, some important components within Symbian OS were licensed from third parties, which prevented the foundation from publishing the full source under EPL immediately; instead much of the source was published under a more restrictive Symbian Foundation License (SFL) and access to the full source code was limited to member companies only, although membership was open to any organisation.[10]
In November 2010, the Symbian Foundation announced that due to a lack of support from funding members, it would transition to a licensing-only organisation; Nokia announced that it will take over the stewardship of the Symbian platform. Symbian Foundation will remain as the trademark holder and licensing entity and will only have non-executive directors involved.
On February 11, 2011, Nokia announced a partnership with Microsoft that would see it adopt Windows Phone 7 for smartphones, reducing the number of devices running Symbian over the coming two years.[11]
Version history
Symbian releases are styled Symbian^1, Symbian^2 etc. (vocalised as "Symbian one", "Symbian two").Symbian^1, as the first release, forms the basis for the platform. It incorporates Symbian OS and S60 5th Edition (which is built on Symbian OS 9.4) and thus it was not made available as open source.[12]
Symbian^2 was the first royalty-free version of Symbian.[13] While portions of Symbian^2 are EPL licensed, most of the source code is under the proprietary SFL license and available only to members of the Symbian Foundation. On June 1, 2010, a number of Japanese companies including DoCoMo and Sharp announced smartphones using Symbian^2.[14]
Symbian^3 was announced on 15 February 2010.[15] It was designed to be a more ‘next generation’ smartphone platform. The Symbian^3 release introduced new features such as a new 2D and 3D graphics architecture, UI improvements, and support for external displays via HDMI.[16][17] It has single tap menus and up to three customizable homescreens. The Symbian^3 SDK (Software Development Kit) was released September 2010.[18]
Four phones with the open source Symbian^3 have been released, the Nokia N8, Nokia C6-01, Nokia E7-00 and Nokia C7-00.[19]
Symbian^4 was expected to be released in the first half of 2011. However, Nokia announced in October 2010 that Symbian^4 will not ship as a separate release. Instead, improvements to Symbian will be delivered as software updates to all current Symbian^3 devices.[20]
Features
User interface
Symbian has had a native graphics toolkit since its inception, known as AVKON (formerly known as Series 60). S60 was designed to be manipulated by a keyboard-like interface metaphor, such as the ~15-key augmented telephone keypad, or the mini-QWERTY keyboards. AVKON-based software is binary-compatible with Symbian versions up to and including Symbian^3.Symbian^3 includes the Qt framework, which is now the recommended user interface toolkit for new applications. Qt can also be installed on older Symbian devices.
Symbian^4 was planned to introduce a new GUI library framework specifically designed for a touch-based interface, known as "UI Extensions for Mobile" or UIEMO (internal project name "Orbit"), which was built on top of Qt; a preview was released in January 2010, however in October 2010 Nokia announced that Orbit/UIEMO has been cancelled.
Nokia currently recommends that developers use Qt Quick with QML, the new high-level GUI and scripting framework for creating visually rich touchscreen interfaces that allows development for both Symbian and MeeGo; it will be delivered to existing Symbian^3 devices as a Qt update. As more applications will gradually feature a user interface reworked in Qt, the legacy S60 framework (AVKON) will be deprecated and no longer included with new devices at some point, thus breaking binary compatibility with older S60 applications.[20][21]
Browser
Symbian^3 and earlier have a native WebKit based browser; indeed, Symbian was the first mobile platform to make use of WebKit (in June 2005).[22]Nokia plans to introduce a new Qt-based browser as a free update for Symbian^3 devices.
Application development
From 2010, Symbian switched to using standard C++ with Qt as the SDK, which can be used with either Qt Creator or Carbide. Qt supports the older Symbian S60 3rd and 5th editions, as well as the new Symbian platform. It also supports Maemo and MeeGo, Windows, Linux and Mac OS X.[23][24]Alternative application development can be done with using Python (see Python for S60), Adobe Flash or Java ME.
Symbian OS previously used a Symbian specific C++ version along with Carbide.c++ integrated development environment (IDE) as the native application development environment.
Web Runtime (WRT) is a portable application framework that allows creating widgets on the S60 Platform; it is an extension to the S60 WebKit based browser that allows launching multiple browser instances as separate JavaScript applications.[25][26]
Architecture
Technology domains and packages
Symbian's design is subdivided into technology domains,[27] each of which comprises a number of software packages.[28] Each technology domain has its own roadmap, and the Symbian Foundation has a team of technology managers who manage these technology domain roadmaps.Every package is allocated to exactly one technology domain, based on the general functional area to which the package contributes and by which it may be influenced. By grouping related packages by themes, the Symbian Foundation hopes to encourage a strong community to form around them and to generate discussion and review.
The Symbian System Model[29] illustrates the scope of each of the technology domains across the platform packages.
Packages are owned and maintained by a package owner, a named individual from an organization member of the Symbian Foundation, who accepts code contributions from the wider Symbian community and is responsible for package.
Symbian kernel
The Symbian kernel (EKA2) supports sufficiently-fast real-time response to build a single-core phone around it—that is, a phone in which a single processor core executes both the user applications and the signalling stack.[30] The real-time kernel has a microkernel architecture that contains only the minimum, most basic primitives and functionality, for maximum robustness, availability and responsiveness. It has been termed a nanokernel, because it needs an extended kernel to implement any other abstractions. It contains a scheduler, memory management and device drivers, with networking, telephony and file system support services in the OS Services Layer or the Base Services Layer. The inclusion of device drivers means the kernel is not a true microkernel.Design
Symbian features pre-emptive multitasking and memory protection, like other operating systems (especially those created for use on desktop computers). EPOC's approach to multitasking was inspired by VMS and is based on asynchronous server-based events.Symbian OS was created with three systems design principles in mind:
- the integrity and security of user data is paramount
- user time must not be wasted
- all resources are scarce
Later OS iterations diluted this approach in response to market demands, notably with the introduction of a real-time kernel and a platform security model in versions 8 and 9.
There is a strong emphasis on conserving resources which is exemplified by Symbian-specific programming idioms like descriptors and a cleanup stack. Similar methods exist to conserve disk space, though disks on Symbian devices are usually flash memory. Further, all Symbian programming is event-based, and the central processing unit (CPU) is switched into a low power mode when applications are not directly dealing with an event. This is done via a programming idiom called active objects. Similarly the Symbian approach to threads and processes is driven by reducing overheads.
Operating system
The All over Model contains the following layers, from top to bottom:- UI Framework Layer
- Application Services Layer
- Java ME
- OS Services Layer
- generic OS services
- communications services
- multimedia and graphics services
- connectivity services
- Base Services Layer
- Kernel Services & Hardware Interface Layer
Symbian has a microkernel architecture, which means that the minimum necessary is within the kernel to maximise robustness, availability and responsiveness. It contains a scheduler, memory management and device drivers, but other services like networking, telephony and filesystem support are placed in the OS Services Layer or the Base Services Layer. The inclusion of device drivers means the kernel is not a true microkernel. The EKA2 real-time kernel, which has been termed a nanokernel, contains only the most basic primitives and requires an extended kernel to implement any other abstractions.
Symbian is designed to emphasise compatibility with other devices, especially removable media file systems. Early development of EPOC led to adopting FAT as the internal file system, and this remains, but an object-oriented persistence model was placed over the underlying FAT to provide a POSIX-style interface and a streaming model. The internal data formats rely on using the same APIs that create the data to run all file manipulations. This has resulted in data-dependence and associated difficulties with changes and data migration.
There is a large networking and communication subsystem, which has three main servers called: ETEL (EPOC telephony), ESOCK (EPOC sockets) and C32 (responsible for serial communication). Each of these has a plug-in scheme. For example, ESOCK allows different ".PRT" protocol modules to implement various networking protocol schemes. The subsystem also contains code that supports short-range communication links, such as Bluetooth, IrDA and USB.
There is also a large volume of user interface (UI) Code. Only the base classes and substructure were contained in Symbian OS, while most of the actual user interfaces were maintained by third parties. This is no longer the case. The three major UIs — S60, UIQ and MOAP — were contributed to Symbian in 2009. Symbian also contains graphics, text layout and font rendering libraries.
All native Symbian C++ applications are built up from three framework classes defined by the application architecture: an application class, a document class and an application user interface class. These classes create the fundamental application behaviour. The remaining needed functions, the application view, data model and data interface, are created independently and interact solely through their APIs with the other classes.
Many other things do not yet fit into this model — for example, SyncML, Java ME providing another set of APIs on top of most of the OS and multimedia. Many of these are frameworks, and vendors are expected to supply plug-ins to these frameworks from third parties (for example, Helix Player for multimedia codecs). This has the advantage that the APIs to such areas of functionality are the same on many phone models, and that vendors get a lot of flexibility. But it means that phone vendors needed to do a great deal of integration work to make a Symbian OS phone.
Symbian includes a reference user-interface called "TechView." It provides a basis for starting customisation and is the environment in which much Symbian test and example code runs. It is very similar to the user interface from the Psion Series 5 personal organiser and is not used for any production phone user interface.
Devices and feature comparison
On 16 November 2006, the 100 millionth smartphone running the OS was shipped.[31] As of 21 July 2009, more than 250 million devices running Symbian OS had been shipped.[32]- The Nokia S60 interface is used in various phones, the first being the Nokia 7650. The Nokia N-Gage and Nokia N-Gage QD gaming/smartphone combos are also S60 platform devices. It was also used on other manufacturers' phones such as the Siemens SX1 and Samsung SGH-Z600. Recently, more advanced devices using S60 include the Nokia 6xxx, the Nseries (except Nokia N8xx and N9xx), the Eseries and some models of the Nokia XpressMusic mobiles.
- Fujitsu, Mitsubishi, Sony Ericsson and Sharp developed phones for NTT DoCoMo in Japan, using an interface developed specifically for DoCoMo's FOMA "Freedom of Mobile Access" network brand. This UI platform is called MOAP "Mobile Oriented Applications Platform" and is based on the UI from earlier Fujitsu FOMA models. The user cannot install new C++ applications.
- S60, formerly Series 60, used by Nokia and others
- Series 80, previously used by Nokia
- Series S90, previously used by Nokia
- UIQ, previously used by Sony-Ericsson
- MOAP, Mobile Oriented Applications Platform, used by NTT DoCoMo's FOMA service
From
www.wikipedia.org
Smartphone, make everything easy and fun....
Handphone, is one of many importent thing that needs by any people in the world. smartphone now is the most populer phone. A smartphone is a mobile phone that offers more advanced computing ability and connectivity than a contemporary feature phone. Smartphones and feature phones may be thought of as handheld computers integrated with a mobile telephone, but while most feature phones are able to run applications based on platforms such as Java ME, a smartphone usually allows the user to install and run more advanced applications. Smartphones run complete operating system software providing a platform for application developers.Thus, they combine the functions of a camera phone and a personal digital assistant (PDA).
Some smartphones, sometimes called NirvanaPhones,have a docking station with an external display and keyboard to create a desktop or laptop environment.
Growth in demand for advanced mobile devices boasting powerful processors, abundant memory, larger screens, and open operating systems has outpaced the rest of the mobile phone market for several years. In March 2011 Berg Insight reported data that showed global smartphone shipments increased 74% from 2009 to 2010. According to a study by ComScore, over 45.5 million people in the United States owned smartphones in 2010 out of 234 million total subscribers. Despite the large increase in smartphone sales in the last few years, smartphone shipments only make up 20% of total handset shipments, as of the first half of 2010.
The Nokia Communicator line was the first of Nokia's smartphones starting with the Nokia 9000, released in 1996. This distinctive palmtop computer style smartphone was the result of a collaborative effort of an early successful and costly personal digital assistant (PDA) by Hewlett-Packard combined with Nokia's bestselling phone around that time, and early prototype models had the two devices fixed via a hinge. The Nokia 92109500 Communicator was also Nokia's first cameraphone Communicator and Nokia's first Wi-Fi9300 Communicator was the third dimensional shift into a smaller form factor, and the latest E90GPS. The Nokia Communicator model is remarkable for also having been the most costly phone model sold by a major brand for almost the full life of the model series, costing easily 20% and sometimes 40% more than the next most expensive smartphone by any major producer. was the first color screen Communicator model which was the first true smartphone with an open operating system; the phone. The Communicator includes
In 1997 Ericsson released the concept phone GS88,[10][11] the first device labelled as 'smartphone'.
In early 2001, Palm, Inc. introduced the Kyocera 6035, the first smartphone to be deployed in widespread use in the United States. This device combined the features of a personal digital assistant (PDA) with a wireless phone that operated on the Verizon Wireless network. For example, a user could select a name from the PDA contact list, and the device would dial that contact's phone number. The device also supported limited web browsing.[15] The device received a very positive reception from technology publications.[16]
In 2001 Microsoft announced its Windows CE Pocket PC OS would be offered as "Microsoft Windows Powered Smartphone 2002."[17] Microsoft originally defined its Windows Smartphone products as lacking a touchscreen and offering a lower screen resolution compared to its sibling Pocket PC devices.
In early 2002 Handspring released the Palm OS Treo smartphone, utilizing a full keyboard that combined wireless web browsing, email, calendar, and contact organizer with mobile third-party applications that could be downloaded or synced with a computer.[18]
In 2002 RIM released the first BlackBerry which was the first smartphone optimized for wireless email use and had achieved a total customer base of 32 million subscribers by December 2009.
In 2007 Nokia launched the Nokia N95 which integrated a wide range of features into a consumer-oriented smartphone: GPS, a 5 megapixel camera with autofocus and LED flash, 3G and Wi-Fi connectivity and TV-out. In the next few years these features would become standard on high-end smartphones.
In 2010 Nokia released the Nokia N8 smartphone, the first device to use the new Symbian^3 OS.It featured a camera that Mobile Burn described as the best camera in a phone, and satellite navigation that Mobile Choice described as the best on any phone.
In February 2011 Nokia announced a plan to make Microsoft Windows Phone 7 its high end smartphone operating system, reducing MeeGo to a research platform while still keeping Symbian for mid range and low range products.
Later in 2007, Apple Inc. introduced its first iPhone. It was initially costly, priced at $500 for the cheaper of two models on top of a two year contract. It was one of the first smartphones to be mainly controlled through its touchscreen, the others being the LG Prada and the HTC Touch (also released in 2007). It was the first mobile phone to use a multi-touch interface, and it featured a web browser that Ars Technica then described as "far superior" to anything offered by that of its competitors.[24] At the time of the launch of the iPhone it was arguable whether it was actually a smartphone as the first generation lacked the ability to officially use third-party applications.[25] A process called jailbreaking emerged quickly to provide unofficial third-party applications. Steve Jobs publicly stated that the iPhone lacked 3G support due to the immaturity, power use, and physical size requirements of 3G chipsets at the time.[26] However, it has been rumored that the CDMA2000 Network Providers (Verizon, Sprint) refused to allow the iPhone on their network because obs wanted total control of the application store associated with the iPhone.
The Android operating system for smartphones was released in 2008. Android is an open source platform backed by Google, along with major hardware and software developers (such as Intel, HTC, ARM, Motorola and Samsung, to name a few), that form the Open Handset Alliance.[27] The first phone to use Android was the HTC Dream, branded for distribution by T-Mobile as the G1. The software suite included on the phone consists of integration with Google's proprietary applications, such as Maps, Calendar, and Gmail, and a full HTML web browser. Third-party apps are available via the Android Market (released October 2008), including both free and paid apps.
In July 2008, Apple introduced its second generation iPhone which had a lower list price and 3G support. Released with it, Apple also created the App Store with both free and paid applications. The App Store can deliver smartphone applications developed by third parties directly to the iPhone or iPod Touch over Wi-Fi or cellular network without using a PC to download. The App Store has been a huge success for Apple and by April 2010 hosted more than 185,000 applications.[citation needed] The App Store hit three billion application downloads in early January 2010,[28] and 10 billion by January 2011.[29]
In January 2010, Google launched the Nexus One smartphone using its Android OS. Although Android has multi-touch abilities, Google initially removed that feature from the Nexus One,[30] but it was added through a firmware update on February 2, 2010.[31]
According to Gartner in their report dated November 2010, total smartphone sales doubled in one year and now smartphones represent 19.3 percent of total mobile phone sales. Over late 2009 and 2010 Android's smartphone market share has increased very rapidly.[32]
In Q4 2010, Android surpassed Symbian as the most common operating system in smartphones, with 32.9 million units sold versus 31.0 million. Android-equipped phones sold seven times more than in the prior year due to customers' increased preference for a device that can access websites while bypassing traditional computers.[33]
In 2010 smartphone sales increased by 72.1 percent from the prior year, whereas sales for all mobile phones only increased by 31.8 percent. Smartphones make up 19 percent of all mobile phone.[34][35]
March 2011: Concerning the Xperia Play smartphone, an analyst at CCS Insight said "Console wars are moving to the mobile platform".[36]
March 2011: An Android high-end smartphone which can produce 3D effects with no need for special glasses (autostereoscopy) was announced by LG Electronics.[37]
In February 2010 Nokia made Symbian open source. Thus, most commercial smartphones were based on open source operating systems. These include GNU/Linux based, such as Google's Android, Nokia's MaemoMoblin to form MeeGo, Hewlett-Packard's WebOS, and Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) based, such as the Darwin-based Apple iOS. which was later merged with Intel's project
History
Early years
The first smartphone was the IBM Simon; it was designed in 1992 and shown as a concept product[9] that year at COMDEX, the computer industry trade show held in Las Vegas, Nevada. It was released to the public in 1993 and sold by BellSouth. Besides being a mobile phone, it also contained a calendar, address book, world clock, calculator, note pad, e-mail, send and receive fax, and games. It had no physical buttons to dial with. Instead customers used a touchscreen to select telephone numbers with a finger or create facsimiles and memos with an optional stylus. Text was entered with a unique on-screen "predictive" keyboard. By today's standards, the Simon would be a fairly low-end product, lacking for example the camera now considered usual. However, its feature set at the time was highly advanced.The Nokia Communicator line was the first of Nokia's smartphones starting with the Nokia 9000, released in 1996. This distinctive palmtop computer style smartphone was the result of a collaborative effort of an early successful and costly personal digital assistant (PDA) by Hewlett-Packard combined with Nokia's bestselling phone around that time, and early prototype models had the two devices fixed via a hinge. The Nokia 92109500 Communicator was also Nokia's first cameraphone Communicator and Nokia's first Wi-Fi9300 Communicator was the third dimensional shift into a smaller form factor, and the latest E90GPS. The Nokia Communicator model is remarkable for also having been the most costly phone model sold by a major brand for almost the full life of the model series, costing easily 20% and sometimes 40% more than the next most expensive smartphone by any major producer. was the first color screen Communicator model which was the first true smartphone with an open operating system; the phone. The Communicator includes
In 1997 Ericsson released the concept phone GS88,[10][11] the first device labelled as 'smartphone'.
Palm, Symbian, and BlackBerry
In 2000 Ericsson released the touchscreen smartphone R380, the first device to use the new Symbian OS. It was followed up by P800 in 2002, the first camera smartphone.[14]In early 2001, Palm, Inc. introduced the Kyocera 6035, the first smartphone to be deployed in widespread use in the United States. This device combined the features of a personal digital assistant (PDA) with a wireless phone that operated on the Verizon Wireless network. For example, a user could select a name from the PDA contact list, and the device would dial that contact's phone number. The device also supported limited web browsing.[15] The device received a very positive reception from technology publications.[16]
In 2001 Microsoft announced its Windows CE Pocket PC OS would be offered as "Microsoft Windows Powered Smartphone 2002."[17] Microsoft originally defined its Windows Smartphone products as lacking a touchscreen and offering a lower screen resolution compared to its sibling Pocket PC devices.
In early 2002 Handspring released the Palm OS Treo smartphone, utilizing a full keyboard that combined wireless web browsing, email, calendar, and contact organizer with mobile third-party applications that could be downloaded or synced with a computer.[18]
In 2002 RIM released the first BlackBerry which was the first smartphone optimized for wireless email use and had achieved a total customer base of 32 million subscribers by December 2009.
In 2007 Nokia launched the Nokia N95 which integrated a wide range of features into a consumer-oriented smartphone: GPS, a 5 megapixel camera with autofocus and LED flash, 3G and Wi-Fi connectivity and TV-out. In the next few years these features would become standard on high-end smartphones.
In 2010 Nokia released the Nokia N8 smartphone, the first device to use the new Symbian^3 OS.It featured a camera that Mobile Burn described as the best camera in a phone, and satellite navigation that Mobile Choice described as the best on any phone.
In February 2011 Nokia announced a plan to make Microsoft Windows Phone 7 its high end smartphone operating system, reducing MeeGo to a research platform while still keeping Symbian for mid range and low range products.
Later in 2007, Apple Inc. introduced its first iPhone. It was initially costly, priced at $500 for the cheaper of two models on top of a two year contract. It was one of the first smartphones to be mainly controlled through its touchscreen, the others being the LG Prada and the HTC Touch (also released in 2007). It was the first mobile phone to use a multi-touch interface, and it featured a web browser that Ars Technica then described as "far superior" to anything offered by that of its competitors.[24] At the time of the launch of the iPhone it was arguable whether it was actually a smartphone as the first generation lacked the ability to officially use third-party applications.[25] A process called jailbreaking emerged quickly to provide unofficial third-party applications. Steve Jobs publicly stated that the iPhone lacked 3G support due to the immaturity, power use, and physical size requirements of 3G chipsets at the time.[26] However, it has been rumored that the CDMA2000 Network Providers (Verizon, Sprint) refused to allow the iPhone on their network because obs wanted total control of the application store associated with the iPhone.
The Android operating system for smartphones was released in 2008. Android is an open source platform backed by Google, along with major hardware and software developers (such as Intel, HTC, ARM, Motorola and Samsung, to name a few), that form the Open Handset Alliance.[27] The first phone to use Android was the HTC Dream, branded for distribution by T-Mobile as the G1. The software suite included on the phone consists of integration with Google's proprietary applications, such as Maps, Calendar, and Gmail, and a full HTML web browser. Third-party apps are available via the Android Market (released October 2008), including both free and paid apps.
In July 2008, Apple introduced its second generation iPhone which had a lower list price and 3G support. Released with it, Apple also created the App Store with both free and paid applications. The App Store can deliver smartphone applications developed by third parties directly to the iPhone or iPod Touch over Wi-Fi or cellular network without using a PC to download. The App Store has been a huge success for Apple and by April 2010 hosted more than 185,000 applications.[citation needed] The App Store hit three billion application downloads in early January 2010,[28] and 10 billion by January 2011.[29]
In January 2010, Google launched the Nexus One smartphone using its Android OS. Although Android has multi-touch abilities, Google initially removed that feature from the Nexus One,[30] but it was added through a firmware update on February 2, 2010.[31]
According to Gartner in their report dated November 2010, total smartphone sales doubled in one year and now smartphones represent 19.3 percent of total mobile phone sales. Over late 2009 and 2010 Android's smartphone market share has increased very rapidly.[32]
In Q4 2010, Android surpassed Symbian as the most common operating system in smartphones, with 32.9 million units sold versus 31.0 million. Android-equipped phones sold seven times more than in the prior year due to customers' increased preference for a device that can access websites while bypassing traditional computers.[33]
In 2010 smartphone sales increased by 72.1 percent from the prior year, whereas sales for all mobile phones only increased by 31.8 percent. Smartphones make up 19 percent of all mobile phone.[34][35]
March 2011: Concerning the Xperia Play smartphone, an analyst at CCS Insight said "Console wars are moving to the mobile platform".[36]
March 2011: An Android high-end smartphone which can produce 3D effects with no need for special glasses (autostereoscopy) was announced by LG Electronics.[37]
Other application stores
Platforms other than the iPhone are able to download apps from any website, rather than only from a single app store; however, other companies have more recently launched their own app stores. Google launched the Android Market in October 2008. RIM launched its app store, BlackBerry App World, in April 2009. Nokia launched its Ovi Store in May 2009. Palm launched its Palm App Catalog in June 2009. Microsoft launched its Windows Marketplace for Mobile in October 2009. Samsung launched Samsung Apps for its bada based phones.Operating systems
Share of worldwide 2010 Q4 smartphone sales to end users by operating system, according to Canalys.[38] A different analysis of 2010 Q4 sales by Gartner puts total Symbian phone sales slightly ahead of Android.[39]
Main article: Mobile operating system
2010 saw the rapid rise of the Google Android operating system from 4 percent of new deployments in 2009 to 33 percent at the beginning of 2011 making it share the top position with the since long dominating Symbian OS. The smaller rivals include US popular Blackberry OS, the trendsetting iOS, Samsung's recently introduced bada, HP's heir of Palm Pilot webOS and the Microsoft Windows Phone OS seing a possible revival through an alliance with Nokia.Open source development
The open source culture has penetrated the smartphone market in several ways. There have been attempts to open source both hardware and software of smartphones. One prominent project from open hardwareNeo FreeRunner smartphone developed by Openmoko. development is theIn February 2010 Nokia made Symbian open source. Thus, most commercial smartphones were based on open source operating systems. These include GNU/Linux based, such as Google's Android, Nokia's MaemoMoblin to form MeeGo, Hewlett-Packard's WebOS, and Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) based, such as the Darwin-based Apple iOS. which was later merged with Intel's project
This is best 10 for smartphone, may be you need to know first, if you want to buy one of them:
1.HTC EVO 4G
Screen layer 4,3 inci WVGA, 8Mpix kamera, 1 http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=5436056086260090172GHz CPU Snapdragon,Face cam VGA, Mikro HDMI port, 3G Wi-Fi hotspot, and WiMAX 4G. with keyboard in the screen layer.
2. Google Nexus One
3. Samsung Vibran
4. HTC Incredible
5.Motorola Droid X
6. Samsung Epic 4G
Super Layer 4-inch AMOLED, 1 GHz proccessor, WiMAX 4G Sprint, and qwerty keyboard.
From
WWW.WIKIPEDIA.ORG
1.HTC EVO 4G
Screen layer 4,3 inci WVGA, 8Mpix kamera, 1 http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=5436056086260090172GHz CPU Snapdragon,Face cam VGA, Mikro HDMI port, 3G Wi-Fi hotspot, and WiMAX 4G. with keyboard in the screen layer.
2. Google Nexus One
3. Samsung Vibran
4. HTC Incredible
5.Motorola Droid X
6. Samsung Epic 4G
Super Layer 4-inch AMOLED, 1 GHz proccessor, WiMAX 4G Sprint, and qwerty keyboard.
From
WWW.WIKIPEDIA.ORG
ocean that never mingled
One of the properties of the ocean that scientists have recently discovered is revealed in one verse of the Qur'an as follows:
He let the two seas to flow, the two met, (but) in between there is a limit that can not be passed by each. (Surah Ar-Rahman: 19-20)
The nature of this ocean, which meet each other, but not mixed with each other at all, just been discovered by marine experts. Because of physical force called "surface tension", in the ocean waters adjacent to each other will not mix. Because it is caused by differences in water viscosity, surface tension prevents the two oceans are intermingled, as if there is a thin wall between them.
Interestingly, at a time when human beings have no knowledge of physics, surface tension or the ocean experts, this knowledge has been revealed in the Qur'an.
One of the properties of the ocean that scientists have recently discovered is revealed in one verse of the Qur'an as follows: He let the two seas to flow, the two met, (but) in between there is a limit that can not be passed by each. (Surah Ar-Rahman: 19-20) The nature of this ocean, which meet each other, but not mixed with each other at all, only recently discovered by experts ocean. Because of physical force called "surface tension", in the ocean waters adjacent to each other will not mix. Because it is caused by differences in water viscosity, surface tension prevents the two oceans are intermingled, as if there is a thin wall between mereka.Yang interesting, at a time when human beings have no knowledge of physics, surface tension or the ocean experts, this knowledge has been revealed in Al Qur'an.
Dapus
Harun yahya
He let the two seas to flow, the two met, (but) in between there is a limit that can not be passed by each. (Surah Ar-Rahman: 19-20)
The nature of this ocean, which meet each other, but not mixed with each other at all, just been discovered by marine experts. Because of physical force called "surface tension", in the ocean waters adjacent to each other will not mix. Because it is caused by differences in water viscosity, surface tension prevents the two oceans are intermingled, as if there is a thin wall between them.
Interestingly, at a time when human beings have no knowledge of physics, surface tension or the ocean experts, this knowledge has been revealed in the Qur'an.
One of the properties of the ocean that scientists have recently discovered is revealed in one verse of the Qur'an as follows: He let the two seas to flow, the two met, (but) in between there is a limit that can not be passed by each. (Surah Ar-Rahman: 19-20) The nature of this ocean, which meet each other, but not mixed with each other at all, only recently discovered by experts ocean. Because of physical force called "surface tension", in the ocean waters adjacent to each other will not mix. Because it is caused by differences in water viscosity, surface tension prevents the two oceans are intermingled, as if there is a thin wall between mereka.Yang interesting, at a time when human beings have no knowledge of physics, surface tension or the ocean experts, this knowledge has been revealed in Al Qur'an.
Dapus
Harun yahya
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