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Minggu, 20 Februari 2011

New Method for Unraveling Molecular Structures

ScienceDaily (Feb. 18, 2011) — Chemists at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and the Technische Universitaet Muenchen (TUM) introduced a new method for identifying chemical compounds. The approach they used is an improvement on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements -- for decades one of the most successful methods for determining the chemical structure of organic molecules.



The results now published in the scientific journal Angewandte Chemieshow a sophisticated approach to structural data when classical methods of analysis fail.
The team of Professor Burkhard Luy from KIT and Junior Professor Stefan F. Kirsch from the TUM has now shown for the first time that certain NMR parameters, the so-called residual dipolar couplings (RDCs), can make a significant contribution towards determining the constitution of chemical compounds when traditional methods fail. To do this they embedded molecules of the compound in a gel which slightly constricts their mobility. By stretching the gel, the molecules can be aligned along a preferred orientation. While residual dipolar couplings average out in solution, they become measurable in such partially aligned samples and provide valuable structural information that can be used to build a model of the molecule.
To test this new approach to chemical structure determination the scientists examined a molecule whose atomic composition was known, but not the precise connectivities of the individual atoms in the molecule. The molecule was obtained using a unique reaction, so there were no precedents for its structure. Classical methods of analysis failed because of the compactness of the molecule. In this particular case it was only possible to determine the structure by means of residual dipolar couplings, so that the newly acquired knowledge could be used to draw conclusions about the formation of the molecule -- something that in the past could only be speculated about.
"This type of analysis will not be suitable for all structures in the future," said scientists Luy and Kirsch. "There will still be molecules whose structures will defy all attempts at unraveling, in spite of tremendous efforts and cutting-edge technologies. But this new method provides us with one further tool to help us unravel the structural mysteries of nature."
This research was funded through the German Research Foundation DFG (Heisenberg Program, Research Group FOR 934) and the Chemical Industry Fund. The scientists conducted their measurements on equipment from the Bavarian NMR Center

Jumat, 18 Februari 2011

The Perfect Program in Human's Body


Dalam halaman sebelumnya, kita menyebutkan program sempurna yang dimasukkan oleh Allah ke dalam tubuh manusia. Berkat program ini, setiap manusia mempunyai mata, telinga, tangan, dan kaki. Juga berkat program ini, meskipun ada perbedaan dalam bentuknya, semua manusia terlihat sangat mirip. Kita mirip dengan kerabat kita, dan beberapa orang mempunyai sifat yang khas karena program ini. Misalnya, orang Cina dan Jepang umumnya mirip satu sama lain, orang Afrika punya warna kulit, bentuk muka, dan bentuk mulut serta mata yang khas.
Sekarang, mari kita pelajari program seperti apakah itu, melalui contoh berikut ini:
Kalian terlebih dahulu harus mengetahui bagaimana komputer bekerja. Seorang ahli merancang komputer tersebut. Para ahli di pabrik-pabrik khusus dengan bantuan teknologi maju juga menciptakan komponen-komponen tambahan seperti mikroprosesor, monitor, keyboard, CD, pengeras suara, dan seterusnya. Sekarang, kalian mempunyai sebuah mesin yang bisa memproses kerja yang sangat rumit. Kalian bisa bermain game atau menulis apa pun yang kalian inginkan. Namun agar semua ini terjadi, kalian membutuhkan alat yang disebut ”program”. Tanpa program ini, yang khusus dipersiapkan oleh para ahli, komputer kalian tidak akan bisa bekerja.
Selanjutnya, kita tahu bahwa tidak semua program cocok dengan semua tipe komputer. Ini berarti, programmer (orang yang menciptakan program itu) harus mengetahui komputer tersebut maupun software (yaitu alat tempat program itu ditempatkan) yang cocok dengannya. Seperti yang telah kita lihat, kita membutuhkan sebuah mesin dan program yang cocok untuk menjalankan komputer. Tetapi yang lebih penting, jika tidak ada yang merancang dan menciptakan semua itu, komputer kalian pastilah tidak akan bisa bekerja.
Tubuh manusia mirip dengan komputer. Seperti telah kita katakan tadi, ada suatu program dalam sel kita yang membuat kita ada. Sekarang pertanyaannya, bagaimana kejadiannya sehingga program ini bisa ada? Jawabannya pasti:
Allah, Yang Maha Perkasa, secara khusus telah menciptakan semua manusia. Allah-lah Yang menciptakan tubuh kita serta program yang membentuknya.
Tetapi jangan salah. Jika kita pikirkan dengan cara lain, sangat mustahil membandingkan tubuh manusia dengan sebuah komputer. Tubuh kita jauh lebih hebat daripada komputer yang paling rumit sekalipun. Otak kita saja, misalnya, jauh lebih rumit daripada komputer.
Sekarang mari kita lihat bagaimana seorang bayi terlahir ke dunia.
Mula-mula, ada suatu bagian yang sangat kecil dalam rahim ibu. Kemudian dari hari ke hari bagian yang sangat kecil ini tumbuh dan mulai terbentuk.
Tinggi tubuh kalian, warna mata kalian, bulu mata kalian, bentuk tangan-tangan kalian, dan ratusan ciri-ciri kalian semuanya ditentukan sejak awal dari kejadian paling pertama keberadaan kalian. Semua informasi ini tersimpan dalam program awal yang ditempatkan
Allah dalam sel-sel. Program ini begitu sempurna dan terperinci sehingga para ilmuwan baru saja mulai bisa memahami bagaimana semua itu bekerja.
Sesuai dengan program yang ditempatkan Allah di dalam tubuh kita, kita mulai tumbuh perlahan. Itulah sebabnya pertumbuhan tubuh kita tidak terlihat aneh. Perlu waktu lama untuk tumbuh. Kita pasti akan terkejut jika program ini bekerja dengan cepat. Mata bayi yang baru lahir, yang tiba-tiba menjadi mata orang tua pastilah akan sangat mengejutkan.

Kamis, 17 Februari 2011

Human Existence

Have you ever wondered how human beings can exist in this world? You might say, "Everyone has a mother and father." However, this answer is incorrect. Actually, that answer can not explain how the mother and father first, the first man, created. You may have heard the stories about this in school and from people around you. However, the only correct answer is that it is Allah Who created you. We will study this in depth in subsequent chapters. Now, there's one thing you all should know. The first man who appeared in this world upon whom be peace was the prophet Adam (AS). All humans are descendants. Adam, like us, are human beings who walk, talk, pray, and worship God. At first God created him, then God created his wife. Then their children spread throughout the world. Never forget that God commanded just need something to create it. When He wills for something to happen, He will command, "Be!" And that something else happens. He has a power that causes him to do everything. For example, He created Adam from soil.It is easy for Allah. However, do not forget that there are also people who deny the existence of God. These people give a different answer to the question of how humans occurs. They do not seek the truth. Suppose there is a cartoon character named Badu. Badu said, "I happen because the ink spilled on paper by chance, this paint is accidentally spilled, then forming the colors.So, I do not need anyone to draw myself and form I looked. I can place itself, by chance, "of course you would think that playing games alone. You know that the lines are nice, the colors and movement in the cartoon could not be formed simply by spilling paint haphazardly here and there, because the spill ink from the bottle will only cause the dirt.Dirt certainly can not create a good picture made of good lines too. In order for these cartoons can be recognized, and can be created, which has made him think about it, planned it, then draw it. To understand this, you do not need to see the artist and painter of images that Badu. Of course you already know that the image maker that Badu has determined its nature, shape, and color, and how to talking, running, or jump. After seeing this example, think well about the following: People who do not agree that it is Allah who created it actually also has lied, just like we talked about earlier Badu. Now let us suppose, that people like that say to us. Let's see how this guy tries to explain how he and all men are created. "Me, my mother and father, their parents, and parents who first lived on earth in the past appear by accident. Genesis accidentally (accidentally) created a body, eyes, ears, and all parts of our body. " The words of this man, who deny the God that created it, same with the words Badu earlier. The only difference is, Badu created from the lines and paint on a piece of paper. People were, by contrast, is a man who tubunya composed of flesh and bone.But, is there a difference? Is not the individual is a creature whose body is more complex and more perfect than a cartoon character Badu earlier? Is not his body consisting of the heart, liver, blood, and much more? In other words, if Badu impossible happen by accident, then certainly it would be impossible if human beings are created by accident. Now, let's ask that person: "You've got a good body with no defects and defects. Your hand can hold things very well, even better than a sophisticated machine. You can run with your feet. You've got the perfect eyes, sharper than the highest quality camera. You never listen to the voices that you do not want. No radios or tape that can produce sound as clear as that. Many parts of your body you do not realize working together for you to stay alive. For example, although you can not control anything for heart, kidney, or heart to keep working, it still works flawless and impeccable. Now, hundreds of scientists and engineers worked tirelessly to design machines that are similar to these organs. However, their efforts did not produce anything. Here's the proof, you are the perfect creature, which can not be imitated by man. How do you explain this? " People who deny that it is Allah who created everything might say: "I also know that we have a body without blemish, and tools that perfect body. But I believe that: the atoms are not alive and unconscious at once appeared accidentally to form organs and our bodies." You certainly could see that his words are illogical and strange. Whatever their age and whatever the job, people who say things like this would not be able to think clearly and have the wrong idea. And surprisingly, we often find people who believe in things that do not make sense of this. Because even the simplest machine must have made it, complex creatures like humans certainly can not happen by accident. No doubt, it is Allah who created man first. God also created the tools that first human body so they can breed and so came the next descendants. God ensure that mankind will continue to multiply with the inclusion of programs in human cells. We also happened thanks to a program that was created by God was, and continues to grow in accordance with the program. Which will you read on this issue in the following pages will make you able to achieve a better understanding about the fact that God, our Creator, has the power and infinite wisdom.



Minggu, 13 Februari 2011

Valentine??????? What is that for Islamic Religion?????

Really he was just a mere affection?

As we know, valenine's day, at 14 februari, all of human celebrating a day with the name 'love'.

as well muslimah, i want to explain, what the valentine's day in the fact.

"And if you obey most of the people on this earth, nescaya they will lead you astray from Allah's way. They follow nothing but mere prejudice, and they are nothing but a lie (against Allah). "(Surah Al-An'am: 116)

Day 'affection' is celebrated by people of West in recent years called 'Valentine Day' is very popular and widespread in Indonesia pelusuk even in Malaysia as well. Moreover, if menjelangnya February where we met a lot of jargon (the symbols or advertisements) are not Islamic in order to expose only a form of (promoting) Valentine. Various places of entertainment stems from discotheque (disco / club night), hotels, organizations mahupun small groups; crowded that berlumba dolphin offer events to celebrate Valentine's. With the support (influence) the mass media such as newspapers, radio mahupun televisyen; majority of Muslims were also fed (served) with advertisements for Valentine's Day.

 
HISTORY OF VALENTINE:
It is an ironic (sad / should not happen) when our ears to hear even our own 'jump' in celebration of Valentine's without knowing the history of Valentine's Day itself. Valentine was actually a martyr (in Islam is called 'Martyrs') that kerana errors and are 'generous' then he was given the title of Saint or Saint.
On 14 February 270 AD, St. Valentine was killed because of opposition (pertelingkahan) with Roman rulers at that time namely King Claudius II (268-270 AD).To glorify him (St. Valentine), regarded as a symbol of fortitude, courage and resignation in the face of cubaan life, then his followers to commemorate the death of St.Valentine as a 'religious ceremony'.

But since the 16th century AD, 'religious ceremony' is starting beransur-ansur disappear and turn into 'not a religious celebration. " Valentine's Day dinner party is then connected with affection the ancient Romans called "Supercalis" which falls on February 15.

After the Romans came in Christianity (Kristian), parties 'supercalis' then associated with funeral ceremonies St. Valentine. St. funeral ceremony reception. Valentine as a 'day of love' was also associated with the European belief that the time 'love' it started booming 'as male and female birds' on 14 February.

In French Normandy, in the Middle Ages have the word "Galentine" which means to 'Galant or love'. Rhyme between galentine and valentine cause people to think that should the youth in finding her life partner on 14 February. With growing age, a 'martyr' named St. Valentino probably will continue to shift much sense (away from the meaning of that fact). Humans today are no longer clear about the origins of Valentine's Day.Where in this day and age is the knowledge of Valentine's pass (through) greeting cards, fraternity party, gift exchange (exchange-rate reward) and so on without wanting to know the background history over 1700 years ago.

From this it can be concluded that the moment (it / time / time) is just not more patterned or animistic belief that trying merosak mere 'faith' of Muslims and Muslim as well as introducing western lifestyles under the guise of romance (bertopengkan romance), arranged marriage and love.
 
ISLAMIC VIEWS
As a Muslim ask ourselves, whether we're going to be an example so just something that is clearly not from Islam?

Let us ponder the word of God s.w.t.:
"And ye janglah megikuti what you do not have knowledge about it. Indeed hearing, sight, and hearts, all that will be required to account he replied. " (Surah Al-Isra: 36)

In Islam the word "know" means being able to perceive (know) with all five senses are controlled by the liver. Knowledge to the point of lifting the content and nature of truth.Not only just to see or hear. Nor is it just know the history, purpose, what, who, when (if), how, and where, but more than that.

By kerana Islam that forbids most trust bum (push / follow) to any other beliefs or in Islam called taqlid.
Prophet's Hadith: "He who imitate or follow any of the (religion) then he is of the (religious) that".God's Word s.w.t. in Surah Al-Imran (family of Imran) verse 85: "Anyone who seeks a religion other than Islam, then once in a while is not accepted (the religion) thereof, and in the Hereafter he is among those who lose."
THINGS THAT SHOULD BE GIVEN ATTENTION: -
In Valentine's problems need to be understood in depth, especially from religious glasses kerana our lives can not run away or escape from the religion (Islam) as a way of life. Here are some things that must be understood in the problem of 'Valentine Day'.

1. PRINCIPLES / BASIC
   
Valentine's Day is a celebration that according to the banquet party 'supercalis' where ancient Romans after they entered the Christian Religion (Kristian), then turned into a 'religious ceremony' which is associated with the death of St. Valentine.

2. HUMAN RESOURCES
   
Valentine's clearly not from Islam, but rather comes from the imaginary human minds that are forwarded by the church. By kerana it is, stick to the rational human mind alone, but if it is not based on Islam (Allah), then he will rejected.
Word of Allah swt in Surah Al Baqarah verse 120: "The Jews and the Christians would not like to you until you follow their religion.
Say: Surely Allah's guidance manual (the real). " And verily if thou follow their kemahuan after knowledge came to you, then God is no longer the protector and helper for you ".

3. PURPOSE
   
The purpose of creating and expressed his affection in Persada earth is good. But not seminit for a day and a day for a year. Nor the means to be oriented to the Valentine we like to raise another on Islamic teachings. Diutuskan Islam to his people by ordering his followers to Compassionate and interweave the eternal brotherhood under the auspices of Allah the Most Compassionate and Merciful. Even the Prophet s.a.w. said: "No one believed in you so that he love his brother as his love for yourself".

4. OPERATIONALIn general, Valentine's Day event held in the form of debauchery and riot.Consider the words of God Almighty: "Surely it is a spendthrift, wastrel brothers syaithon syaithon and it is very disbelieve in their Lord." (Surah al-Isra: 27)
Surah Al-Anfal verse 63 which reads: "... even if you spend all the (wealth) that are in earth, you would not be able to unite their hearts, but God has been to unite their hearts.Surely, He (God) is Mighty, Wise.

It's obvious! Whatever the reason, we can not accept the cultural imports from the outside, which obviously contrary to the belief (Aqeedah) us. Let us not pollute our creeds on the pretext of tolerance and loyal friend. Kerana if say tolerance, Islam's most tolerant in the world.

How far we are swinging step hailed (laud) Valentine's Day? We should menyedari early (today), in order not to sink further. We need not envy and jealousy with ceremonies and other forms of religious compassion. Is not God is Ar Rahman and Ar Rohim. Not just a day for a year. And not too packed with passion. But the obvious affection in Islam is more spacious than all that. In fact, Islam is an 'alternative' last after the man failed with other systems.

Look at the rise of Islam! Look kerosakan-kerosakan shown by Western civilization in both the mass media, televisyen and so forth. Because the West was only recognize things or matters that are material. Their hearts are empty and they were like 'robots' that animate.

MARI Istiqomah (hold fast)Consider the Word of God:"... And actually if you follow their desires after the knowledge come to thee, thou art then included among those who do wrong".

May Allah give us hidayahNya and determination to istiqomah with Islam so that our hearts to accept the truth and start teaching.
The purpose of all it is for us always be loyal, so with the permission of Allah swt we can meet with the Prophet both Prophet Adam to Prophet Muhammad
God's Word s.w.t.:"Those who obey Allah and His Apostle then he will be with people who were given favors from the class of the Prophets, the Siddiq (true faith), martyr, Sholihin (Salih people), that's their best friend."

Zulkifli Nordin said Peguam (peguam in Malaysia) in the cassette 'APOSTATEs' which mafhumnya: -
"VALENTINE" is the name of a clergyman. His name is Pedro St. Valentino. February 14, 1492 is the day of the fall of the Islamic Kingdom of Spain. This vicar announced or isytiharkan day as a day of 'love' on his kerana Islam is unjust! The fall of the Islamic Kingdom of Spain is celebrated as Valentine's Day. May you all Take Teaching! So ..why do we want to welcome this Valentine's Day kerana it was the day we fall of the Islamic empire in Spain ..

Police terlibat penyerangan ahmadiyah....all rigth?????

JAKARTA, KOMPAS.com - Imparsial, LBH Jakarta, dan Komisi untuk Orang Hilang dan Korban Tindak Kekerasan (KontraS) mencatat adanya keterlibatan pihak Kepolisian dalam penyerangan terhadap pengikut Ahmadiyah di sejumlah daerah.
Direktur LBH Jakarta Nurkholis menyampaikan, keterlibatan Polisi tersebut digolongkan dalam empat level. "Pertama, infliction atau menciptakan penderitaan, penghukuman, pengalaman pahit bagi korban. Kedua instigation, mendorong, menganjurkan, menghasut. Ketiga, consent, memberikan persetujuan, keempat, acquiescence, memberikan persetujuan diam-diam," paparnya dalam jumpa pers di kantor Imparsial, Minggu (12/2/2011).
Nurkholis melanjutkan, contoh keterlibatan Kepolisian dalam level infliction (penderitaan, penghukuman, pengalaman pahit) adalah ketika Polisi terlibat merusak bangunan masjid dan rumah dalam penyerangan Ahmadiyah di desa Manis Lor (2010), Parung (2005), dan Makasar (2011). "Di Makassar polisi mencekik jamaah Amhadiyah," katanya.
Sedangkan contoh keterlibatan dalam level instigation (dorongan, anjuran, dan penghasutan) adalah ketika Polisi, kata Nurkholis, menjadi supir dalam mobil yang digunakan massa untuk menyerang pengikut Ahmadiyah di Parung pada 2005.
Juga, saat penyerangan di Cikeusik belum lama ini (6/2/2011). "Polisi menyarakan warga Ahmadiyah Cikeusik memprovokasi terlebih dahulu," ujar Nurkholis.
Level selanjutnya, adalah level consent (persetujuan, izin). LBH Jakarta, Imparsial, dan KontraS mencatat keterlibatan polisi dalam level ini adalah saat peristiwa penyerangan Ahmadiyah di Lombok (2002), Manis Lor (2010), Parung (2005), Cisalada (2010), maupun di Cikeusik (2011).
"Aparat Muspida dan Muspika dalam rentang 1-3 bulan sebelum penyerangan telah memberikan persetujuan atas tekanan-tekanan pihak-pihak perencana serangan untuk mengusir dan membubarkan Ahmadiyah," papar Nurkholis.
Kemudian polisi juga terlibat dalam level ini ketika mengawal iring-iringan massa penyerang pada bentrokan di Makassar (2011). "Juga saat Kapolri Timur Pradopo menyatakan kesiapan pengamanan atas rencana Menteri Agama membubarkan Ahmadiyah," tambahnya.
Selain itu, lanjutnya, Polisi terlibat dalam level acquiecence (persetujuan diam-diam) dalam hampir setiap peristiwa penyerangan Ahmadiyah. "Membiarkan pembakaran rumah, tidak mampu berbuat apa-apa, melepaskan pelaku yang tertangkap tangan, membiarkan para penyandang dana dan perencana serangan lolos dari jerat hukum," papar Nurkholis.
"Juga jumlah pasukan pengendali massa yang minim dan alat pertahanan minus. Polisi hanya menonton peristiwa tanpa ada upaya mencegah seperti tembakan peringatan," tandasnya.

Kamis, 10 Februari 2011

Enterobacter sarazakii bahaya untuk bayi kami 

Enterobacter sakazakii
Kultur bakteri Enterobacter sakazakii.
Kultur bakteri Enterobacter sakazakii.
Kerajaan:
Filum:
Kelas:
Ordo:
Famili:
Genus:
Enterobacter sakazakii
(Farmer et al. 1980)

Enterobacter sakazakii
Kultur bakteri Enterobacter sakazakii. Klasifikasi Ilmiah Kerajaan: Bakteri Filum: Proteobacteria Kelas: Gamma Proteobacteria Ordo: Enterobacteriales Famili: Enterobacteriaceae Genus: Enterobacter Nama binomial Enterobacter sakazakii (Petani et al. 1980)
 
Enterobacter sakazakii adalah bakteri batang-shapedpathogenic Gram-negatif. Ini merupakan penyebab yang jarang dari infeksi invasif dengan historis tingkat kematian kasus yang tinggi (40-80%) ininfants. [2] [3] [4] Hal ini dapat menyebabkan bakteremia, meningitis dan enterocolitis necrotising. Infeksi E. sakazakii telah dikaitkan dengan penggunaan susu formula bubuk [2] [4], dengan beberapa strain mampu bertahan dalam keadaan kering selama lebih dari 2 tahun.
Taksonomi Enterobacter sakazakii adalah bakteri batang-shapedpathogenic Gram-negatif. Ini merupakan penyebab yang jarang dari infeksi invasif dengan historis tingkat kematian kasus yang tinggi (40-80%) ininfants. [2] [3] [4]
Hal ini dapat menyebabkan bakteremia, meningitis dan enterocolitis necrotising. Infeksi E. sakazakii telah dikaitkan dengan penggunaan susu formula bubuk [2] [4], dengan beberapa strain mampu bertahan dalam keadaan kering selama lebih dari 2 tahun.
Habitat dan Sumber Daya Distribusi
Enterobacter sakazakii bukan mikroorganisme normal pada saluran pencernaan manusia animalsand, sehingga diduga bahwa tanah, air, sayuran, tikus dan lalat merupakan sumber infeksi. [3] Enterobacter sakazakii dapat ditemukan di industryenvironment beberapa makanan (pabrik susu, coklat, kentang, sereal, dan pasta), aqueousenvironment, sedimen tanah yang lembab. Dalam beberapa makanan potensial terkontaminasi E.sakazakii seperti keju, sosis, diawetkan loaf daging, sayuran, dan milkpowder.
Bahaya Kesehatan
Laporan infeksi E. sakazakii menunjukkan bahwa bakteri ini dapat causemeningitis dan radang usus pada bayi [4]. Kelompok ini memiliki resiko tertinggi bayi terinfeksi dengan E. sakazakii neonatus (baru lahir sampai usia 28 hari), gangguan infantswith dari sistem tubuh, bayi dengan berat lahir rendah (BBLR), bayi prematur, dan bayi yang lahir dari ibu yang menderita dari Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) [7] Enterobacter sp. sebuah patogen nosokomial yang menyebabkan berbagai macam bakteremia infectionsincluding, lebih rendah infeksi saluran pernafasan, infeksi kulit dan jaringan lunak, infeksi saluran kemih, infeksi di perut, peradangan jantung, arthritis, osteomyelitis, dan infeksi mata [8] Tingkat kematian akibat infeksi E. sakazakii mencapai 40-80%. [9] Sebanyak 50% dari pasien yang dilaporkan menderita infeksi E. sakazakii mati dalam afterdiagnosis minggu. [2] Sampai sekarang belum ada penentuan dosis menular dari E.sakazakii, tetapi pada 3 cfu/100 g dapat digunakan sebagai estimasi awal infeksi dosis.

Referensi. www.wikipedia.org
 
ab Farmer JJ III, Asbury MA, Hickman FW, Brenner DJ, Enterobacteriaceae Study Group (USA) (1980). "Enterobacter sakazakii: spesies baru dari" Enterobacteriaceae "diisolasi dari spesimen klinis". Int J Syst Bacteriol 30: 569-84. DOI: 10.1099/00207713-30-3-569. ^ Ab Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit (CDC) (2002). "Enterobacter sakazakii infeksi yang terkait dengan penggunaan susu formula bubuk - Tennessee, 2001". Rep MMWR MORB Wkly Mortal 51 (14): 297-300. PMID 12002167. Gratis teks lengkap

Enterobacter sarazakii

Enterobacter sarazakii danger for our baby

Enterobacter sakazakii
Kultur bakteri Enterobacter sakazakii.
Kultur bakteri Enterobacter sakazakii.
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kerajaan:Bacteria
Filum:Proteobacteria
Kelas:Gamma Proteobacteria
Ordo:Enterobacteriales
Famili:Enterobacteriaceae
Genus:Enterobacter
Nama binomial
Enterobacter sakazakii
(Farmer et al. 1980)
 Enterobacter sakazakii is a Gram-negative rod-shapedpathogenic bacterium. It is a rare cause of invasive infection with historically high case fatality rates (40–80%) ininfants.[2][3][4]
It can cause bacteraemiameningitis and necrotising enterocolitisE. sakazakii infection has been associated with the use of powdered infant formula[2][4], with some strains able to survive in a desiccated state for more than 2 years.

Taxonomy

Enterobacter sakazakii is a Gram-negative rod-shapedpathogenic bacterium. It is a rare cause of invasive infection with historically high case fatality rates (40–80%) ininfants.[2][3][4]

It can cause bacteraemiameningitis and necrotising enterocolitisE. sakazakii infection has been associated with the use of powdered infant formula[2][4], with some strains able to survive in a desiccated state for more than 2 years.  

Habitat and Distribution Resources

Enterobacter sakazakii is not a normal microorganisms in the digestive tract of animalsand humans, so that was allegedly that of land, water, vegetables, rats and flies are a source of infection. [3] Enterobacter sakazakii can be found in several food industryenvironment (factory milk, chocolate, potatoes, cereals, and pasta), aqueousenvironment, moist soil sediments. In some of the potential food contaminated with E.sakazakii such as cheese, sausages, preserved meat loaf, vegetables, and milkpowder.

Health Hazards

The report on the infection of E. sakazakii showed that these bacteria can causemeningitis and inflammation of the intestines in infants [4]. The group has the highest risk infants infected with E. sakazakii of neonates (new born up to age 28 days), infantswith disorders of the body systems, infants with low birth weight (LBW), preterm infants,and infants born to mothers who suffered from Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) [7]
Enterobacter sp. a nosocomial pathogen that causes various kinds of infectionsincluding bacteremia, lower respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, urinary tract infection, infection in the stomach, heart inflammation, arthritis,osteomyelitis, and eye infections [8]
The death rate due to infection of E. sakazakii reached 40-80%. [9]As many as 50 %of patients who reported suffering from infection of E. sakazakii die within a week afterdiagnosis. [2] Up to now there has been no determination of infectious dose of E.sakazakii, but at 3 cfu/100 g can be used as an initial estimate of dose infection.


Reference.
  1. www.wikipedia.org
  2.  a b Farmer JJ III, Asbury MA, Hickman FW, Brenner DJ, the Enterobacteriaceae Study Group (USA) (1980). "Enterobacter sakazakii: a new species of "Enterobacteriaceae" isolated from clinical specimens". Int J Syst Bacteriol 30: 569–84. doi:10.1099/00207713-30-3-569.
  3. a b Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2002). "Enterobacter sakazakii infections associated with the use of powdered infant formula--Tennessee, 2001". MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 51(14): 297–300. PMID 12002167. Free full text