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Rabu, 09 Februari 2011

Adiantum


Adiantum
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Adiantum
Delta Maidenhair (Adiantum raddianum)
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Adiantum
L.
Species
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Adiantum (pronounced /ˌædiˈæntəm/),[1] the maidenhair ferns, is a genus of about 200 species of ferns in the family Pteridaceae, though some researchers place it in its own family, Adiantaceae. The genus name comes from Greek, meaning "not wetting", referring to the fronds' ability to shed water without becoming wet.
Contents
 [hide]
·         1 Description
·         2 Cladistics
·         3 Cultivation
·         4 List of Species
·         5 Notes
·         6 References
Description
They are distinctive in appearance, with dark, often black stipes and rachises, and bright green, often delicately-cut leaf tissue. The sori are borne submarginally, and are covered by reflexed flaps of leaf tissue which resemble indusia. Dimorphism between sterile and fertile fronds is generally subtle.
They generally prefer humus-rich, moist, well-drained sites, ranging from bottomland soils to vertical rock walls. Many species are especially known for growing on rock walls around waterfalls and water seepage areas.
The highest species diversity is in the Andes in South America. Fairly high diversity also occurs in eastern Asia, with nearly 40 species in China.
Species native to North America include A. pedatum (Five-fingered Fern) and the closely related A. aleuticum, which are distinctive in having a bifurcating frond that radiates pinnae on one side only. A. capillus-veneris (Venus-hair fern) has a native distribution that extends into the eastern continent. A. jordanii(California Maidenhair) is native to the west coast.
There is a rich Adiantum flora in New Zealand with 3 endemic species (A. cunninghamiiA. viridescens and A. fulvum) in a total of 10 recorded species. Many of these are common especially in the west and south of the islands.
Cladistics
It is now known that this genus is paraphyletic, and that the vittarioid ferns are derived from this larger paraphyletic genus. However, if A. raddianum, and possibly a few other species, are removed, the remaining plants (genus type: Adiantum capillus-veneris) is then monophyletic.
Cultivation
Many species are grown in the horticultural trade, including all three of the species mentioned, as well as a number of tropical species, including A. raddianum and A. peruvianum. Both A. pedatum andA. aleuticum are hardy to zone 3, and are by far the most cold-hardy members of the genus. A. venustum is also cold-hardy to zone 5. A. capillus-veneris is hardy to zone 7.
List of Species
§  Adiantum aethiopicum – Common Maidenhair, True Maidenhair.
§  Adiantum aleuticum – Aleutian Maidenhair, Western Five-fingered Fern
§  Adiantum anceps – Double Edge Maidenhair
§  Adiantum bellum – Bermuda Maidenhair
§  Adiantum brasiliense - Brazilian Maidenhair
§  Adiantum capillus-veneris – Black Maidenhair, Southern Maidenhair, Venus' Hair
§  Adiantum caudatum – Tailed Maidenhair, Trailing Maidenhair
§  Adiantum concinnum – Polished Maidenhair, Brittle Maidenhair
§  Adiantum diaphanum – Filmy Maidenhair, Small Maidenhair.
§  Adiantum emarginatum – California Maidenhair
§  Adiantum excisum - Chilean Maidenhair
§  Adiantum formosum – Giant Maidenhair, Australian Maidenhair
§  Adiantum fragile – Fragile Maidenhair
§  Adiantum hispidulum – Rough Maidenhair, Rosy Maidenhair
§  Adiantum jordanii – California Maidenhair
§  Adiantum latifolium – Broadleaf Maidenhair
§  Adiantum macrophyllum – Largeleaf Maidenhair
§  Adiantum melanoleucum – Fragrant Maidenhair
§  Adiantum obliquum – Oblique Maidenhair
§  Adiantum pedatum – Northern Maidenhair, Five-fingered Fern
§  Adiantum peruvianum – Silver-dollar Fern, Peruvian Maidenhair
§  Adiantum petiolatum – Stalked Maidenhair
§  Adiantum polyphyllum – Giant Maidenhair
§  Adiantum pulverulentum – Glossy Maidenhair
§  Adiantum pyramidale – Pyramid Maidenhair
§  Adiantum raddianum – Delta Maidenhair
§  Adiantum seemannii - Seeman's Maidenhair
§  Adiantum subcordatum - Big Maidenhair
§  Adiantum tenerum – Fan Maidenhair, Brittle Maidenhair
§  Adiantum tetraphyllum – Fourleaf Maidenhair
§  Adiantum trapeziforme – Diamond Maidenhair
§  Adiantum tricholepis – Fuzzy Maidenhair
§  Adiantum venustum – Evergreen Maidenhair, Himalayan Maidenhair.
§  Adiantum villosum – Woolly Maidenhair
§  Adiantum viridimontanum – Green Mountain Maidenhair
§  Adiantum vivesii – Puerto Rico Maidenhair
§  Adiantum wilsonii – Wilson's Maidenhair


Notes
1.    ^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
References

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